When a pet goes missing or is suspected to have been taken, it is natural to want clarity about whether the police should treat the matter as a criminal case. Many owners feel confused, especially where they are told by the police that the matter is “civil” when they believe a criminal law applies. Understanding how pet theft is treated in UK law can help you move from distress to a clearer sense of your rights and next steps.
Understanding the issue or context
You were told by the police that your situation is a civil matter, not a criminal one. You believe a recent change in the law means that the theft of a cat is now a criminal offence. You are seeking clarity on whether the police response is correct.
This is a very common point of confusion. Public messaging around “pet abduction laws,” animal theft campaigns, and proposed legislation has often led to mixed information, and police responses can vary.
The legal rules or framework
Theft under existing law
Under the Theft Act 1968, animals — including cats — have always been regarded as property.
This means that stealing a cat is already a criminal offence under existing law. It is not a civil matter where the owner simply has to “sort it out themselves.”
Police have full powers to investigate allegations of:
- theft,
- criminal damage,
- fraud (in some circumstances), or
- handling stolen goods.
The police therefore can treat the taking of a cat as a criminal matter when there is evidence that the cat was taken dishonestly.
Proposed “Pet Abduction” offence
The UK Government announced plans to introduce a specific criminal offence of cat and dog abduction. The aim was to recognise pets as sentient beings rather than property.
However:
- As of now, the new pet abduction offence is not yet in force.
- The bill has been drafted and discussed but is not fully implemented.
- Until it comes into force, the Theft Act 1968 continues to apply.
The important point is that you do not need the new law for police to treat this as a criminal matter. Cat theft is already covered by existing legislation.
When police may classify it as “civil”
Police Scotland (and other UK forces) sometimes classify disputes as civil where:
- ownership is unclear,
- neighbours or family members both claim the same animal,
- the allegation is based on suspicion rather than evidence,
- the cat is thought to have strayed rather than been taken.
Cats roam freely, so police often need clear evidence of deliberate taking before treating the matter as theft.
But this does not mean a cat cannot be stolen or that the police lack powers to act.
Practical steps to take (step-by-step guidance)
- Record everything clearly
Write down dates, times, witnesses, and any evidence that the cat was taken deliberately. - Gather supporting evidence
This might include:- CCTV footage
- witness statements
- messages or admissions
- microchip records
- tracking data (if available)
- Ask the police to note the report formally
Request a crime reference number or explanation if they decline. - Ask for clarification in writing
If told it is “civil,” request written reasoning so you can respond accurately. - Explain that cat theft falls under the Theft Act 1968
Keep your explanation factual and calm. - Contact local animal welfare or microchip authorities
Update the microchip company and notify local rescues/vets. - If necessary, escalate the police response
You may ask for:- review by a supervising officer
- referral to a community policing team
- guidance from Police Scotland’s complaints procedure if you believe the matter was dismissed without proper assessment
Common pitfalls to avoid
- Relying on verbal conversations
Always follow up with written communication to ensure your concerns are recorded. - Assuming the new “pet abduction” law is already in effect
Theft is still criminal, even without the new offence. - Not providing enough evidence
Police need specific information to treat the report as a criminal investigation. - Accepting “it’s a civil matter” without question
You can respectfully ask for reconsideration or clarification.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is stealing a cat a criminal offence?
Yes. Under the Theft Act 1968, stealing any pet is a criminal offence.
Is there a new cat theft law?
A specific “pet abduction” offence has been proposed but is not yet in force.
Why did the police say it is a civil matter?
They may feel there is insufficient evidence of deliberate taking or believe it is a neighbour dispute about ownership.
Can I ask for the decision to be reviewed?
Yes. You can request a supervisory review or file a concern if the matter was not assessed properly.
Does microchip registration prove ownership?
It is strong evidence but not absolute. It supports your report and should be included.
Should I still report new information?
Yes. Any new evidence should be added to your report and may change the police assessment.
Conclusion
If you’d like to understand your rights and options in plain English, visit LegalGuidance.org — a free resource powered by Martin Taggart Legal Consulting.
For professional, fixed-fee advice from a UK solicitor, visit MartinTaggart.com.
This information is general guidance only and not legal advice. For personalised support, please contact Martin Taggart Legal Consulting.